We discuss the implications of these findings and provide suggestions for improving the reliability and validity of forensic expert judgment methods. We noted the extreme variety in tools used (286 different tools). We found most evaluations used tools (74.2%) and used several (on average 4). We provide general descriptive information for various referrals. This study describes: (a) the relative frequency of various forensic referrals, (b) what tools are used globally, (c) frequency and type of structured tools used, and (d) practitioners’ rationales for using/not using tools. We conducted an international survey in which forensic examiners who were members of professional associations described their two most recent forensic evaluations (N=434 experts, 868 cases), focusing on the use of structured assessment tools to aid expert judgment. This implies that psychopathic and narcissistic traits could potentially be lowered through the alternation of humor styles. Differential components of both personality types inform on the possible underlying motivations that drive the use of distinct styles of humor. Humor strongly colors the interpersonal style of both psychopathic and narcissistic personalities. The cold-heartedness component of psychopathy proved to be particularly humorless, setting it aside as a distinctively disturbing psychopathic subfactor. Subfactor analyses showed that aggressive and self-defeating humor were mostly associated with impulsivity and entitlement, while dominance levels actuated the use of humor to cope with stress. Multiple regression analyses revealed psychopathic and narcissistic traits' relation to using both benign and injurious humor. Self-report measures in a non-clinical male sample N = 177. Specifically, it addresses how humor styles relate to the three psychopathy subfactors (following the triarchic model) and four subfactors of grandiose narcissism. The current study was developed to provide a fine-grained analysis of the relationship between four humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, self-defeating, and aggressive) and both psychopathic and narcissistic traits. Two sets of psychopathological traits known for their devastating impact on interpersonal relationships are psychopathy and narcissism. Humor is a main ingredient of interpersonal relationships. The implications of these findings are considered through the lenses of several theoretical perspectives, and theoretical and methodological limitations of the current study are considered. Results also indicated an effect of psychopathy on response criterion for fear and effects of psychopathy on response criterion for anger and surprise that were evident only for some actors. Psychopathy was negatively associated with d` for anger. The findings were generally not consistent with either of these perspectives. These perspectives were tested in a sample of 280 adult male incarcerated offenders who were assessed for psychopathy using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised and who completed a novel test of facial affect recognition presenting 324 digital morphs of faces reflecting systematic combinations of pixels from neutral and affective face images (displaying six different types of emotion) as expressed by four different actors. The current study employed signal detection methods to test the predictions of the integrated emotion systems and hostile attribution bias perspectives, two theoretical perspectives that make specific predictions regarding facial affect recognition. ![]() Signal detection theory (SDT) provides a more informative statistical approach by providing independent measures of perceptual sensitivity (d’) and willingness to report perceiving a signal or response criterion (c). Though emotional processing deficits are often conceptualized as a core feature of psychopathy, the common assessment of these deficits using the percentage correct (or hit rate) on affect recognition tasks may not provide a full or accurate picture of facial affect recognition in psychopathic individuals.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |